How to spot a fake conference before you register

Fake conferences tend to share a pattern: an unusually broad scope that spans unrelated fields, a turnaround from submission to acceptance measured in days rather than weeks, and a website with no verifiable committee or venue contract.\n\nBefore registering, check the organizing institution independently, look up the venue directly, and search the conference name alongside terms like 'complaints' or 'scam'. A legitimate event will hold up to that scrutiny; a predatory one usually won't.